Climate change is a growing threat to population health in Africa, with heatwaves increasing in severity and duration, especially in the Sahel. Maternal and neonatal health will be affected through the adverse effects of heat on preterm birth, stillbirth  and maternal nutrition. Child wasting and malnutrition are expected to increase. High temperatures may also reduce cognitive function and interfere with daily activities, leading to a decline in emotional health and well-being. Mothers may find it difficult to breastfeed their infants under extreme heat and may also change their behaviour due to perceived risks to health.