During intense heat events, the morbidity and mortality of the population increase. Recent heat waves have highlighted the cause–effect relationship of the morbidity and mortality rates. Due to the intensifying effects of climate change, heat waves are expected to become more frequent, more intense, and longer. These conditions are associated with their total individual duration (in terms of their defining threshold and/or attribute) and with their potential sequential overlap with each other. The approach to quantifying these risk factors must be accompanied by questions that systematically establish the obligatory correlation with the future consequences of action or inaction. However, we may argue that the abandonment of efforts to mitigate climate change alone is the epitome of the latter. Although often not adequately linked, two immediate realities need to be immediately addressed: (i) the heat-related mortality that is expected to substantially increase and (ii) the extent to which these mortality risks will be exacerbated for certain populations, including the chronically ill/vulnerable, older adults, very young children, and the socioeconomically disadvantaged. Beyond these two intertwined realities, heat management efforts must also consider the continuing (and often unregulated) patterns of the densification and expansion of the urban fabrics in which they are to be applied. In considering such contexts, the recognition is growing of indoor/outdoor cause-and-effect relationships with respect to heat management and assessment . This includes, during heat events, (i) determining the nocturnal determinants of sleep quality in residential environments (ii) cyclical diurnal heat stress monitoring in diverse indoor work environments. In parallel, the term urban fabric (together with the periurban area), by its very definition, includes the construction methods and typologies that may be outdated and/or more vulnerable to regional and local heat risk events