Heat waves, exacerbated by climate change, are becoming more frequent, intense, and prolonged, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality rates. These extreme heat events are directly linked to higher health risks, especially for vulnerable populations such as the chronically ill, elderly, young children, and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. As heat waves become more severe, it’s crucial to address their impact on both immediate and long-term health outcomes.

Effective management of heat-related risks requires a comprehensive approach that includes assessing the interplay between urban development and heat exposure. This involves considering the effects of urban densification and outdated construction methods, which may heighten heat risks. Additionally, strategies must account for both indoor and outdoor heat impacts, including the quality of sleep in residential environments and the monitoring of heat stress in various work settings.Urban planning and heat management must also address the dynamic nature of heat events, including their duration, intensity, and potential overlaps. By recognizing these factors and implementing targeted interventions, we can better protect vulnerable populations and mitigate the adverse effects of heat waves on public health.