The Heat Action Plan (HAP) provides a framework for implementing, coordinating and evaluating extreme heat action across different timescales in Nepalgunj to minimize the negative impacts of extreme heat on the health and livelihood of the city’s residents. The HAP is organized into two sections: 1. seasonal heat risk reduction – focuses on action before, during and after the heat season; and 2. longer term urban planning including heat stress and heatstroke. According to the country’s Ministry of Home Affairs, 25 heatwaves occurred in 2002–2010, with the most significant occurring in 2009 and 2010, mainly in the Terai region of Nepal.