The United States has experienced record-setting high temperatures thus far in 2024, continuing a trend observed in 2023—the hottest year on record, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). U.S. government authorities and scientific organizations find that average temperatures will likely increase and anticipate extreme heat episodes of greater frequency, duration, and intensity due to climate change, among other factors. Amid these developments, some Members of Congress, nonfederal governments, labor unions, and nonprofit groups have advocated for extreme heat to qualify for assistance pursuant to a declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act, 42 U.S.C. §5121 et seq.), as administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).