Rising global temperatures present a severe challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), a region increasingly vulnerable to climate change and natural variability like El Niño. Over recent decades, heat waves have intensified, with heat-related mortality increasing by 140% from 2013 to 2022 compared to the previous decade. The human toll is evident, as seen in migrant fatalities in Mexico’s Sonora Desert and heightened risks for communities in Brazil. Urban areas face intensified heat due to factors like high population density, while rural areas struggle with inadequate healthcare and emerging health problems like Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology. Socioeconomic disparities further worsen vulnerabilities, and current research and adaptation policies are insufficient, lacking comprehensive data and adequate funding. Effective interventions require dedicated financial support, including international aid and public-private partnerships.