Extreme heat in South Sudan disproportionately affects women, who face high maternal mortality, low literacy, and economic insecurity, with 95% working in the informal sector. Women in agriculture and street vending endure prolonged heat exposure, increasing health risks like cardiovascular strain and kidney damage. Education is also impacted, with school closures reinforcing gender inequalities and early marriage risks. Heat exacerbates malnutrition, food insecurity, and dehydration, particularly for children in female-headed households. Conflict and displacement worsen these challenges, with overcrowded shelters lacking cooling, water, and healthcare.

Climate change has made extreme heat events in South Sudan at least 2°C hotter and 10 times more likely. Large-scale adaptation remains a challenge, but targeted interventions—such as access to shaded areas, cooling spaces, and improved shelter design—can mitigate risks. Supporting women farmers, strengthening labor protections, and expanding early warning systems will be key in building resilience while addressing gender and conflict-related vulnerabilities.